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Reasons for the low utilization rate of soil fertilizers Analysis of additional chemical fertilizers can increase the yield of crops to a certain extent. However, the use of chemical fertilizers in China is not used to fertilize seedlings, which leads to more serious soil nutrient deficiency. For those who have sufficient soil nutrients, the soil is applied more, and it is recommended to use soil testing and formula fertilization to understand the nutrient status in the soil before fertilization.
The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is generally low. At present, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is only 35%, which is twice as low as that of developed countries. The utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are even lower. In some places, the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer is between 20% and 50%. The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is between 10% and 30%. The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus is very low. What is the cause of this status quo?
First, fertilization was not performed according to different soil properties. The methods used for different soil properties are different. Using the correct fertilization method can greatly increase the absorption of the soil chemical fertilizers. For example, in clay soils, there can be phosphating fertilizer and 2/3 nitrogen fertilizer as the base fertilizer. 3 nitrogen fertilizers are top-dressed, dry-water-free conditions, and nitrogen and phosphorus are all used as base fertilizers.
Second, do not consider the crop and its growth period for fertilization. The needs of nutrients for various crops have a critical period and a maximum efficiency period. The amount of fertilizer required at different stages of the crop is not the same. During the maximum efficiency period of the crop, the crop has the most demand for one or more nutrients. At this time, the application of fertilizer can best exert its potential for yield increase. The maximum efficiency of applying nitrogen fertilizer in wheat was from jointing to heading; maize was from bell to heading; cotton was from flowering to boll.
Third, only a single fertilization. Chemical fertilizers have a fast effect; organic fertilizers have a long lasting effect. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can complement each other to meet the nutrient supply during the whole growth period of crops. It can also use the buffering and holding capacity of organic fertilizers to reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients and increase the utilization of chemical fertilizers.
Fourth, the influence of soil temperature. The temperature of the soil in the environment is different at different times of the day. However, the temperature of the soil has certain influence on certain uniform absorption in the soil. On the one hand, the high temperature accelerates the dissolution of water-soluble phosphorus particles, and on the other hand, it promotes Phosphorus reacts with soil constituents to produce insoluble compounds. Every 15 °C warming, the concentration of water-soluble phosphorus decreased by 33%. Most studies have shown that high temperature increases the retention of phosphorus. It is possible to understand the temperature change in the soil and analyze it by using a soil moisture temperature meter, and to select the optimum fertilization period according to the change in temperature inside.
The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is generally low. At present, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in China is only 35%, which is twice as low as that of developed countries. The utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are even lower. In some places, the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer is between 20% and 50%. The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is between 10% and 30%. The utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus is very low. What is the cause of this status quo?
First, fertilization was not performed according to different soil properties. The methods used for different soil properties are different. Using the correct fertilization method can greatly increase the absorption of the soil chemical fertilizers. For example, in clay soils, there can be phosphating fertilizer and 2/3 nitrogen fertilizer as the base fertilizer. 3 nitrogen fertilizers are top-dressed, dry-water-free conditions, and nitrogen and phosphorus are all used as base fertilizers.
Second, do not consider the crop and its growth period for fertilization. The needs of nutrients for various crops have a critical period and a maximum efficiency period. The amount of fertilizer required at different stages of the crop is not the same. During the maximum efficiency period of the crop, the crop has the most demand for one or more nutrients. At this time, the application of fertilizer can best exert its potential for yield increase. The maximum efficiency of applying nitrogen fertilizer in wheat was from jointing to heading; maize was from bell to heading; cotton was from flowering to boll.
Third, only a single fertilization. Chemical fertilizers have a fast effect; organic fertilizers have a long lasting effect. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can complement each other to meet the nutrient supply during the whole growth period of crops. It can also use the buffering and holding capacity of organic fertilizers to reduce the loss of fertilizer nutrients and increase the utilization of chemical fertilizers.
Fourth, the influence of soil temperature. The temperature of the soil in the environment is different at different times of the day. However, the temperature of the soil has certain influence on certain uniform absorption in the soil. On the one hand, the high temperature accelerates the dissolution of water-soluble phosphorus particles, and on the other hand, it promotes Phosphorus reacts with soil constituents to produce insoluble compounds. Every 15 °C warming, the concentration of water-soluble phosphorus decreased by 33%. Most studies have shown that high temperature increases the retention of phosphorus. It is possible to understand the temperature change in the soil and analyze it by using a soil moisture temperature meter, and to select the optimum fertilization period according to the change in temperature inside.