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Mn (Manganese) is a hard, brittle gray metal. Common manganese compounds are manganese dioxide, manganese tetroxide, manganese chloride, manganese sulfate, chromium, calcium carbide, manganese, calcium acetate, potassium permanganate, and the like. The smoke and dust of manganese and its compounds enter the human body through the respiratory tract, mainly causing chronic manganese poisoning. Acute manganese poisoning is very rare.
Diagnostic points
Clinical manifestation
(1) Metal smoke heat
In a poorly ventilated working environment, after inhaling a large amount of new manganese oxide fumes, dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, chest tightness, dry throat, shortness of breath, fever, etc., in severe cases, may be chills and chills. After a few hours to 1-2 days, the heat retreats and the whole body sweats.
(2) Respiratory damage It has been reported that short-term inhalation of high-concentration calcium compounds can cause chemical bronchitis and pneumonia.
(3) Oral poisoning
After oral administration of potassium permanganate, the mouth, throat and digestive tract are rapidly corroded. In the light, there is mainly a burning sensation in the mouth, nausea, vomiting and pain in the upper abdomen. Heavier ones can cause swelling of the mouth and throat, difficulty in speaking and swallowing. In severe cases, the oral mucosa was brownish black, swollen, erosive, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, blood in the stool, shock, and eventually died of circulatory failure. The corrosive lethal dose of potassium permanganate is about 5 to 199.
2. Laboratory examination
(1) Blood, urine and fecal manganese can be increased, but not parallel to clinical manifestations, so the diagnostic value is not large.
(2) The white blood cell count of the metal smoke is increased during the hot fever period.
3. Emergency treatment
(1) Metal smoke heat generally does not require special medical treatment, and the symptoms disappear quickly after disengagement. Heavier patients can be treated with symptomatic treatment, such as drinking plenty of water, proper rehydration, and taking appropriate antipyretic analgesics when high fever.
(2) Oral potassium permanganate poisoning should immediately gastric lavage with warm water, then the stomach into the oral or milk, egg white, or aluminum hydroxide gel, to protect the gastric mucosa. When there is bleeding in the digestive tract, hemostatic drugs can be given. Serious people should actively prevent and treat shock.
(3) Patients with chemical bronchitis and pneumonia should be disengaged and given symptomatic treatment.
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