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In 2006, China's phosphorus chemical industry had a total production capacity of over 12 million tons, about 100 product varieties (specifications), and a production capacity of 8 million tons. It has become the world's largest producer of phosphorus chemicals. At present, China has established a relatively complete phosphorus chemical production system, from resource extraction to basic raw material production, from the production of various bulk phosphorus chemical products, to the production of refined inorganic and organic phosphorus chemical products, which have basically met the needs of various domestic industries. And there are a lot of product exports.
At the same time, due to the increasing strain on phosphate resources and the serious environmental pollution caused by the production of phosphorus chemical products in recent years, the production cost of phosphorus chemical products has been increasing year by year, and the pressure on environmental protection is increasing. The production of bulk basic phosphorus chemical products is being transferred from developed countries to developing countries, while foreign phosphorus chemical industry has gradually shifted to the development and research of new products and technologies. Therefore, in the future, the development of China's phosphorus chemical industry must follow the principles of circular economy and build a green development industrial chain.
Pay attention to the rational development and utilization of phosphate resources
The development and utilization of phosphate rock resources should be based on the idea of ​​sustainable development, and unified and scientific planning should be conducted to achieve the rational development and comprehensive utilization of resources. It is necessary to take the effective protection and reasonable development and utilization of phosphate resources and control the total amount of mining as the main line, and promote the development of scale development, full-scale mining, mining and dressing, mineral fertilizers, and mineralization, and at the same time optimize the mine layout and adjust the development structure. To promote the sustainable use of resources.
Pay attention to the development and utilization of low-grade phosphate rock, which is of great significance for standardizing phosphate mining, achieving comprehensive utilization of resources, improving overall economic efficiency, and maintaining the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry. It is necessary to focus on the research and development of beneficiation technologies suitable for different quality phosphate ore deposits around the world, to promote the continuous improvement of beneficiation processes and to strengthen the combination of mining and selection. This is the only effective way to protect the phosphate rock resources and improve the utilization of resources. The key is to technically Clearing and economically feasible mineral processing plant. It is necessary to vigorously carry out research on the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum so as to achieve low or even zero emissions. We must accelerate the industrialization of middle and low-grade phosphate rock flotation and implement protective development of high-quality phosphate rock resources in accordance with the principle of “Excellent use of mineral resources and their respective advantagesâ€.
Strengthen energy conservation and consumption reduction and waste recycling Compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, China's yellow phosphorus production average power consumption, coke consumption is 12.3% and 8.5% higher than foreign countries, and the domestic phosphorus chemical industry has great potential for energy saving and consumption reduction. In the allocation of resources, priority should be given to the principle of “combination of electrophosphorus and mineralization†to realize the development of upstream and downstream integration, and the by-products “eat and squeeze.†If the distillation method is used to put most of the phosphorous in the phosphorous sludge, the residue is used to produce phosphoric acid; the phosphorous slag is processed into a superfluid micropowder, which is used as cement admixture or processed into glass-ceramics.
The production of yellow phosphorus by the electric furnace method requires bulk materials to be introduced into the furnace. At present, many domestic companies have adopted the integrated ore to enter the furnace, resulting in a large amount of phosphorus mud, high power consumption, and blockage of pipelines. In terms of equipment, it is necessary to actively promote domestically produced electric furnaces above 15,000 kVA, eliminate small electric furnaces below 5000 kVA, and increase the degree of mechanization and automation.
It is necessary to promote the full-circulation and zero-emission technology of waste water, comprehensive utilization of tail gas, and recycling of solid wastes such as phosphor, ferrosilicon, phosphorus slag, etc., to create a clean yellow phosphorus production enterprise; actively promote electrostatic precipitator technology in large-scale enterprise groups The utilization of phosphogypsum produced by the production of wet-process phosphoric acid is also a major issue. In recent years, the cement phosphogypsum cement production process has been successfully developed. Phosphogypsum gypsum board, gypsum block, cement additives and other technologies have also made significant progress.
Vigorously promote the breakthrough of wet-process phosphoric acid refining technology for refining of wet-process phosphoric acid, which is of positive significance for saving electric energy and reducing the production cost of industrial phosphoric acid. The process of producing industrial-grade phosphoric acid by purifying and refining fertilizer-grade phosphoric acid has the advantages of lower energy consumption, less operating cost, and more friendly environment compared with the thermal-process phosphoric acid process. In the past 10 years, all newly-established industrial phosphoric acid production facilities abroad have adopted wet-process phosphoric acid refining processes.
To this end, the domestic government should vigorously promote the refining process of wet-process phosphoric acid so that the industrial phosphoric acid production process will partially replace the thermal process with the wet process. According to the principle of "wet, wet, hot and hot," we will promote the refining of wet-process phosphoric acid in qualified companies. And through the introduction of foreign technology, the development of wet-process phosphoric acid food-grade phosphoric acid technology.
The development of fine phosphorus chemical products to develop high-purity yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, especially organic phosphorus chemical products is the development direction of phosphorus chemical industry. At present, there are few organophosphorus chemical species such as phosphate esters, phosphonates, and phosphites in the phosphorus chemical industry. Phosphorus (phosphonate) esters are widely used as plasticizers, flame retardants, oil additives, water treatment agents, surfactants, and the like.
It is necessary to consolidate and improve the technical level of the existing yellow phosphorus and thermal process phosphoric acid production facilities, actively develop deep processed products using yellow phosphorus and thermal process phosphoric acid as raw materials, and increase the market share of yellow phosphorus and thermal process phosphoric acid in the global market. Accelerate the development of organic phosphides such as flame retardants and plasticizers, and increase the technological content and added value of deep-processed products.
Building large-scale backbone enterprises and phosphorus chemical bases In recent years, China's primary phosphorus chemical products have gained a large advantage in the international market. Under this background, foreign multinational companies have begun to actively plan to enter the Chinese market. In the future, the domestic phosphorus chemical industry will inevitably face more fierce competition. Therefore, in the future, the phosphorus chemical industry should continue to develop large-scale backbone enterprises, relying on the principle of "vibration of stocks, complementation of advantages, joint development, and improvement of benefits" in the future, implement asset restructuring, and gradually build several influential nationally and globally. Phosphorus chemical base.
China's phosphorus chemical industry is currently scattered, small, chaotic situation, the urgent need for large-scale phosphorus chemical companies to increase the overall level of phosphorus chemical industry. The involvement of large enterprises will bring changes to the competitive landscape of the industry. The survival and development of small businesses must be achieved through energy conservation and consumption reduction and the development of refined products, otherwise they will face elimination.
Phosphorus chemical industry in China has gradually formed a pattern in which the parent product is close to the origin of raw materials and the key development of phosphorus derivatives and fine chemicals in coastal areas. For example, the production of yellow phosphorus in China is mainly concentrated in regions rich in phosphate resources, and the production capacity and output of yellow phosphorus in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Hubei provinces account for more than 90% of the country's total. In the more economically developed regions such as the central and eastern regions, the development of fine phosphorus chemical industry is in the ascendant. A group of fine phosphorus chemical production enterprises represented by Hubei Xingfa and Jiangsu Chengxing have developed rapidly, and they have evolved into high-efficiency development models based on technology and markets. .
To construct the industrial chain design of the large-scale phosphorous chemical production base of the green industrial chain , comprehensive utilization should be considered from the upstream phosphate mining. High-grade lump ore can be used to produce yellow phosphorus, and the remaining high-grade ore fines can be directly used to produce wet methods. Phosphoric acid, medium and low-grade ore can be produced after the beneficiation of wet-process phosphoric acid; the scale of production of wet-process phosphoric acid should reach the economic scale to achieve large-scale; part of the phosphoric acid can be directly used for the production of phosphate fertilizer products, and some of the phosphoric acid can be refined to industrial grade or food Grade, the residual acid produced in the refining process enters the phosphate fertilizer production unit as raw material. The entire process realizes the maximization of resource utilization, and this industrial chain idea will give birth to a group of companies that have strong overall competitiveness.
Phosphorus chemical industry products are pyramidal structure, the bottom layer is fertilizer grade products and yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid and other primary products; the middle layer is bulk phosphates, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate feed and industrial phosphate grade products, etc.; Organic phosphides, fine inorganic phosphides and high purity yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, etc. Because large resource-based companies have obvious advantages in producing large-scale products, non-resource small businesses will be forced to climb the top of the pyramid. This has a positive effect on the industrial restructuring of the industry.
At the same time, due to the increasing strain on phosphate resources and the serious environmental pollution caused by the production of phosphorus chemical products in recent years, the production cost of phosphorus chemical products has been increasing year by year, and the pressure on environmental protection is increasing. The production of bulk basic phosphorus chemical products is being transferred from developed countries to developing countries, while foreign phosphorus chemical industry has gradually shifted to the development and research of new products and technologies. Therefore, in the future, the development of China's phosphorus chemical industry must follow the principles of circular economy and build a green development industrial chain.
Pay attention to the rational development and utilization of phosphate resources
The development and utilization of phosphate rock resources should be based on the idea of ​​sustainable development, and unified and scientific planning should be conducted to achieve the rational development and comprehensive utilization of resources. It is necessary to take the effective protection and reasonable development and utilization of phosphate resources and control the total amount of mining as the main line, and promote the development of scale development, full-scale mining, mining and dressing, mineral fertilizers, and mineralization, and at the same time optimize the mine layout and adjust the development structure. To promote the sustainable use of resources.
Pay attention to the development and utilization of low-grade phosphate rock, which is of great significance for standardizing phosphate mining, achieving comprehensive utilization of resources, improving overall economic efficiency, and maintaining the sustainable development of the phosphorus chemical industry. It is necessary to focus on the research and development of beneficiation technologies suitable for different quality phosphate ore deposits around the world, to promote the continuous improvement of beneficiation processes and to strengthen the combination of mining and selection. This is the only effective way to protect the phosphate rock resources and improve the utilization of resources. The key is to technically Clearing and economically feasible mineral processing plant. It is necessary to vigorously carry out research on the comprehensive utilization of phosphogypsum so as to achieve low or even zero emissions. We must accelerate the industrialization of middle and low-grade phosphate rock flotation and implement protective development of high-quality phosphate rock resources in accordance with the principle of “Excellent use of mineral resources and their respective advantagesâ€.
Strengthen energy conservation and consumption reduction and waste recycling Compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, China's yellow phosphorus production average power consumption, coke consumption is 12.3% and 8.5% higher than foreign countries, and the domestic phosphorus chemical industry has great potential for energy saving and consumption reduction. In the allocation of resources, priority should be given to the principle of “combination of electrophosphorus and mineralization†to realize the development of upstream and downstream integration, and the by-products “eat and squeeze.†If the distillation method is used to put most of the phosphorous in the phosphorous sludge, the residue is used to produce phosphoric acid; the phosphorous slag is processed into a superfluid micropowder, which is used as cement admixture or processed into glass-ceramics.
The production of yellow phosphorus by the electric furnace method requires bulk materials to be introduced into the furnace. At present, many domestic companies have adopted the integrated ore to enter the furnace, resulting in a large amount of phosphorus mud, high power consumption, and blockage of pipelines. In terms of equipment, it is necessary to actively promote domestically produced electric furnaces above 15,000 kVA, eliminate small electric furnaces below 5000 kVA, and increase the degree of mechanization and automation.
It is necessary to promote the full-circulation and zero-emission technology of waste water, comprehensive utilization of tail gas, and recycling of solid wastes such as phosphor, ferrosilicon, phosphorus slag, etc., to create a clean yellow phosphorus production enterprise; actively promote electrostatic precipitator technology in large-scale enterprise groups The utilization of phosphogypsum produced by the production of wet-process phosphoric acid is also a major issue. In recent years, the cement phosphogypsum cement production process has been successfully developed. Phosphogypsum gypsum board, gypsum block, cement additives and other technologies have also made significant progress.
Vigorously promote the breakthrough of wet-process phosphoric acid refining technology for refining of wet-process phosphoric acid, which is of positive significance for saving electric energy and reducing the production cost of industrial phosphoric acid. The process of producing industrial-grade phosphoric acid by purifying and refining fertilizer-grade phosphoric acid has the advantages of lower energy consumption, less operating cost, and more friendly environment compared with the thermal-process phosphoric acid process. In the past 10 years, all newly-established industrial phosphoric acid production facilities abroad have adopted wet-process phosphoric acid refining processes.
To this end, the domestic government should vigorously promote the refining process of wet-process phosphoric acid so that the industrial phosphoric acid production process will partially replace the thermal process with the wet process. According to the principle of "wet, wet, hot and hot," we will promote the refining of wet-process phosphoric acid in qualified companies. And through the introduction of foreign technology, the development of wet-process phosphoric acid food-grade phosphoric acid technology.
The development of fine phosphorus chemical products to develop high-purity yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, especially organic phosphorus chemical products is the development direction of phosphorus chemical industry. At present, there are few organophosphorus chemical species such as phosphate esters, phosphonates, and phosphites in the phosphorus chemical industry. Phosphorus (phosphonate) esters are widely used as plasticizers, flame retardants, oil additives, water treatment agents, surfactants, and the like.
It is necessary to consolidate and improve the technical level of the existing yellow phosphorus and thermal process phosphoric acid production facilities, actively develop deep processed products using yellow phosphorus and thermal process phosphoric acid as raw materials, and increase the market share of yellow phosphorus and thermal process phosphoric acid in the global market. Accelerate the development of organic phosphides such as flame retardants and plasticizers, and increase the technological content and added value of deep-processed products.
Building large-scale backbone enterprises and phosphorus chemical bases In recent years, China's primary phosphorus chemical products have gained a large advantage in the international market. Under this background, foreign multinational companies have begun to actively plan to enter the Chinese market. In the future, the domestic phosphorus chemical industry will inevitably face more fierce competition. Therefore, in the future, the phosphorus chemical industry should continue to develop large-scale backbone enterprises, relying on the principle of "vibration of stocks, complementation of advantages, joint development, and improvement of benefits" in the future, implement asset restructuring, and gradually build several influential nationally and globally. Phosphorus chemical base.
China's phosphorus chemical industry is currently scattered, small, chaotic situation, the urgent need for large-scale phosphorus chemical companies to increase the overall level of phosphorus chemical industry. The involvement of large enterprises will bring changes to the competitive landscape of the industry. The survival and development of small businesses must be achieved through energy conservation and consumption reduction and the development of refined products, otherwise they will face elimination.
Phosphorus chemical industry in China has gradually formed a pattern in which the parent product is close to the origin of raw materials and the key development of phosphorus derivatives and fine chemicals in coastal areas. For example, the production of yellow phosphorus in China is mainly concentrated in regions rich in phosphate resources, and the production capacity and output of yellow phosphorus in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Hubei provinces account for more than 90% of the country's total. In the more economically developed regions such as the central and eastern regions, the development of fine phosphorus chemical industry is in the ascendant. A group of fine phosphorus chemical production enterprises represented by Hubei Xingfa and Jiangsu Chengxing have developed rapidly, and they have evolved into high-efficiency development models based on technology and markets. .
To construct the industrial chain design of the large-scale phosphorous chemical production base of the green industrial chain , comprehensive utilization should be considered from the upstream phosphate mining. High-grade lump ore can be used to produce yellow phosphorus, and the remaining high-grade ore fines can be directly used to produce wet methods. Phosphoric acid, medium and low-grade ore can be produced after the beneficiation of wet-process phosphoric acid; the scale of production of wet-process phosphoric acid should reach the economic scale to achieve large-scale; part of the phosphoric acid can be directly used for the production of phosphate fertilizer products, and some of the phosphoric acid can be refined to industrial grade or food Grade, the residual acid produced in the refining process enters the phosphate fertilizer production unit as raw material. The entire process realizes the maximization of resource utilization, and this industrial chain idea will give birth to a group of companies that have strong overall competitiveness.
Phosphorus chemical industry products are pyramidal structure, the bottom layer is fertilizer grade products and yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid and other primary products; the middle layer is bulk phosphates, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate feed and industrial phosphate grade products, etc.; Organic phosphides, fine inorganic phosphides and high purity yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, etc. Because large resource-based companies have obvious advantages in producing large-scale products, non-resource small businesses will be forced to climb the top of the pyramid. This has a positive effect on the industrial restructuring of the industry.