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Netease Automotive reported on December 11 that since December 5th, due to the large amount of pollutants discharged in winter and unfavorable weather conditions, the air quality of many cities in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and neighboring regions has deteriorated, and heavy pollution has occurred on a large scale. The Ministry of Environmental Protection initiated the highest-level response mechanism within the ministry. On the one hand, it dispatched 12 inspection teams to be stationed in Jing-Jin-Ji and the surrounding areas, focused on supervising the implementation of emergency plans for heavy pollution and the implementation of countermeasures. On the other hand, it held internal joint meetings and Experts will consult with the Chamber of Commerce to coordinate coordination and make accurate decisions. At the same time, Beijing, Hebei Xingtai, Xinji, Dingzhou and other places started red warning of heavy air pollution.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection organized the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua University, Peking University, Beijing University of Technology, and Nankai University to address the causes and development trends of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei heavy pollution process, as well as the effectiveness and follow-up measures of Beijing’s red alert for heavy pollution. More than a dozen domestic first-class scientific research units such as the China National Environmental Monitoring Center and the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences formed an expert group to conduct joint research and analysis.
Experts believe that this heavy pollution process is caused by the combination of adverse meteorological conditions and various sources of pollution, resulting in the accumulation of large amounts of pollutants.
From the perspective of meteorological factors, the meteorological conditions of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surrounding areas have recently been spread by unfavorable pollutants From the wind speed upwards, the regional wind speed is about 1m/s, and there is no obvious wind direction. It is much smaller than the average wind speed of 2-4m/s on December 2~5, and also less than 3m/s in winter in Beijing. Average annual wind speed. From the perspective of the height of the mixed layer, the height of the daily mixed layer in Beijing is about 1000-1500 meters, and on the 7th, the atmospheric mixed layer is about 400 meters, which greatly reduces the space for pollutant diffusion. From the aspect of relative humidity, the relative humidity of 60% is obviously higher than the average relative humidity of 40% in winter in Beijing. In short, the large amount of regional pollutants, combined with adverse weather conditions of low wind speed, low mixed layer height, and relatively high humidity, has caused the rapid accumulation of pollutants and promoted the formation of this atmospheric heavy pollution process.
From the point of view of pollutant emission sources, the results of analysis of multiple monitoring data are combined. The sources of pollutants in this heavily polluted process in order of contribution are: coal, motor vehicles, industrial sources, dust, and others. The coal-fired pollutants mainly come from the burning of raw coal and the discharge of small and medium-sized boilers. Motor vehicle emissions include gasoline vehicle emissions and diesel vehicle emissions. Petrol vehicles have a huge amount of inventory. They contribute significantly to the urban area under quiet conditions. Diesel vehicles emit large amounts of unicycles and emit significant particulate matter. Industrial sources mainly include major industrial processes such as steel, petrochemical, and building materials in Beijing and surrounding areas. However, from the perspective of Beijing's emissions, it is still dominated by scattered coal burning and motor vehicle emissions.
According to Chai Fahe, deputy director of the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences and other organizations have used dynamic source analysis techniques to evaluate the sources of pollution at each stage of the heavy pollution process. The analysis found that from the night of the 7th to the 8th of the morning, the contribution of coal-fired sources and secondary sources increased significantly compared with the previous day, and the contribution of dust sources and industrial sources increased. Affected by the reduction in the use of motor vehicles on the night of the 7th and the emergency measures on the 8th, the contribution of motor vehicles has dropped significantly from the 6th to the 7% from 32%, indicating that the emergency emission reduction measures have a significant effect on reducing the contribution of motor vehicles.
"From the data, after the early warning measures were taken in Beijing, the average reduction ratio of pollutants was about 30%. Without these measures, the concentration of PM2.5 will increase by about 10% from the current level." Beijing University of Technology Environment Professor Cheng Shuiyuan of the School of Energy and Energy Engineering said, “At the same time, the monitoring of PM2.5 also shows that the increase in nitrate content related to motor vehicle emissions has been effectively contained.†The data show that after Beijing launched the red warning, emergency Measures have a significant effect on the slowing down of the increasing trend of air pollution.
Experts participating in the meeting predicted the development trend of the heavy air pollution process. "Through monitoring, we can see that on the 9th to the 10th, the spread conditions of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei continued to be poor. Affected by meteorological conditions, PM2.5 pollution will present a pollution belt from the southwest to the northeast, and due to the improvement of meteorological conditions on the 10th, Pollutant diffusion conditions are relatively good, and heavy pollution is relatively weakened,†said Wang Zifa, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After the formation of the heavy pollution process, it is difficult to improve the regional air quality by relying solely on the reduction measures of individual cities, implementing unified harmonized prevention and control measures within the region, and simultaneously carrying out differentiated and targeted emergency emission reductions in various cities at joint prevention and control. Can effectively reduce the emission of local pollution sources.
"The follow-up should continue to strengthen emergency control. Winter is a season of heavy pollution. The 24-hour period before the onset of smog is a critical period for the effect of emergency measures. The response measures need to be advanced again to suppress the occurrence and development of heavy pollution as soon as possible." Spontaneous advice.
"All localities must really do a good job of controlling coal-fired matters, including elevated sources and low-profile sources with a wide range of sources, especially raw coal, which can also allow some heavy-polluting industries to enter overhaul conditions when winter diffusion conditions are not good. When it is unavoidable to encounter severe air pollution, it is necessary to make early predictions, early warnings, and early measures,†said Chai Fahe.
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