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First, the production status of the perlite industry
(1) Production and production costs
The products of China's perlite industry have been adjusted according to the development of the national economy and the market demand, but the total amount of development is not fast. The annual output of ore is still around 600,000 tons. Among them, the Xinyang area has an annual output of 300,000 tons, accounting for national production. The total output of 1/2, the total output of other provinces such as Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Anhui and other places is about 300,000 tons. Among them, Ningcheng Shuanglong Pearl Mine in Inner Mongolia produced 90,000 tons in 1998 and sold 80,000 tons, making it the most productive ore enterprise in the country. According to the total output of ore in China, the annual output of expanded perlite in the country is estimated to be around 7 million m 3 . Judging from the production layout of expanded perlite in the country, since the production in 1966, the first 20 years have been based on thermal insulation, and it has developed rapidly in the northeast region, accounting for more than half of the country's total output. In the past ten years, with the reform of China's wall materials and the development of new lightweight materials and building engineering insulation, a number of perlite production enterprises have been built in the Jiangnan area of ​​China, and the output has grown considerably.
In terms of application technology, the expanded perlite bulk material was directly applied to the building, and then developed into the application of expanded perlite products. Now, about 80% of the bulk material is used to produce 3 million m 3 of products per year for various projects. The level of application.
From the perspective of production technology, since expanded perlite has a large market in some areas, low-yield expansion furnaces are difficult to meet the demand for production, so everyone has a strong interest in high-yield furnaces. In recent years, more than a dozen hyperbolic high-yield furnaces have been built in the north and south of China. The annual output of the furnace is 15 to 200,000 m 3 , and the best furnace type is 1000 m 3 for 24 hours. The fuel consumption is about 8 kg/m 3 , which has become the world's perlite. The highest output type. China's coal powder as fuel production technology development perlite faster. There are dozens of enterprises in the country that use pulverized coal as fuel to produce expanded perlite. The daily output is 400-600 m 3 , the coal consumption is about 30 kg/m 3 , and the best is only 20 kg/m 3 . As the company strengthened its management and improved its production technology, various economic indicators were greatly improved, and the consumption index was greatly reduced. Is the production of expanded perlite in density is generally 70 ~ 80kg / m 3, the lowest only 52kg / m 3; sand consumption is generally 80 ~ 90kg / m 3, the lowest annual average of only 60.2kg / m 3; general fuel consumption At 12-15kg/m 3 , the lowest annual average is 8-9kg/m 3 ; the electricity consumption of expanded perlite is generally 2～4kW•h/m 3 , and the lowest annual average is only 1kW•h/m 3 . The cost of producing expanded perlite is due to the influence of ore price, production process, equipment, fuel and management level. The gap between the North and the South is very large. The highest cost is 70 yuan/m 3 , and the lowest cost is only 30 yuan/m 3 . . Generally speaking, the price of ore in the northeast and north China is relatively low, the transportation distance is short, and the cost is low. The cost of producing expanded perlite is 30-40 yuan/m 3 , and the price is 35-45 yuan/m 3 ; Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian and other regions have higher production costs, generally 50-60 yuan / m 3 , the price of 60 ~ 90 yuan / m 3 , the highest price of 110 ~ 120 yuan / m 3 . Many small enterprises in the Xinyang area of ​​Henan Province have developed and produced expanded perlite on their own by exploiting special conditions such as low-cost raw materials and fuel. It is understood that the annual production of more than 1 million m 3 is only 25 to 30 yuan/m 3 . However, due to the small market and low usage in Xinyang, it is sold to Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. For example, some product processing enterprises in Jiangsu buy Xinyang's expanded perlite, the ex-factory price is less than 30 yuan/m 3 , and it is not more than 60 yuan/m 3 shipped to the factory, which is lower than its own production cost. However, the expanded perlite powder produced by some enterprises in Xinyang is not fully burned by the fuel during production, and it emits black smoke. The product is smoked into gray color, and the quality is very poor, which affects the quality of deep-processed products. Therefore, as far as the whole country is concerned, the price and product benefits of products in different regions are very different. From the situation in 1998, the efficiency of industrial enterprises is relatively low. It is estimated that 10% to 15% of the enterprises of China Perlite Association are losing money, and the profits are not more than 1 million yuan, which is estimated to be no more than 10%.
(II) New product and new market development status
Expanded perlite production generally involves a large amount of raw materials and output products, and the market price is low, and the company's efficiency is poor. Therefore, doing a good job in product deep processing, developing new products with high added value, and opening up new markets are the key to the survival and development of enterprises. From the perspective of member companies, there are many varieties of deep processing, and the batches that are put into the market are large, and enterprises that have a good market can get better benefits. As Yixing, Jiangsu Province town of Ruby and the company, in 1998 the production of hydrophobic perlite sheet 200 000 m 3, perlite decorative acoustic panels 300,000 m 3, waterproofing membrane 1,000,000 m 2, total output value of more than 200 million yuan (about 150 million yuan of which perlite products); Feng Shanghai construction ASTRI can lumber Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, Ltd., the production of 150,000 m 3 of expanded perlite, hydrophobic perlite sheet production 80,000 m 3 The output value is about 50 million yuan, plus new wall materials and waterproof coil products, with a total output value of nearly 100 million yuan; Changxing County Changqiao Thermal Insulation Material Factory, which produces 130,000 m 3 of expanded perlite and 30,000 of various products. m 3 is also a large enterprise in the industry. Some enterprises have been producing for decades, and the production technology and product quality are good, but the development is slow, and some are difficult to survive. Recently, we have investigated some companies with good performance. Some production technologies, management levels and product quality are not the best in the whole industry. There are even some problems, but the most successful aspects of them are that they have seen The importance of the market under the current market economy conditions, and grasping the market is the key to the survival and development of enterprises. To this end, they analyze the market, research the market, take the market as the leader to drive the development of the company's production and new products; second, they increase the market sales team, the company knows the most technical business, the highest level, the most capable, smart and capable The people were transferred to the sales department, and they were strictly managed and regularly trained in business technology. They also hanged on the salesperson’s market performance and personal economic benefits, stimulating their enthusiasm for work and thus invigorating Expanded the market. Several companies with relatively good market share have a large sales force, and some have set up sales organizations in key cities across the country. On the contrary, some enterprises are limited by the mechanism, second, the market awareness is not in place, the third is that there is no higher pursuit for the development of the enterprise, and the fourth is that it is difficult to achieve the idea of ​​more work and more.
Cement perlite sheet is an old product, the production process and equipment are simple, can meet the needs of general construction engineering, and the price is low, generally 160 ~ 260 yuan / m 3 , so the market has been relatively good, the national annual output is about 1.5 million m 3 It is a long-lasting product.
In recent years, we have achieved certain results in the development of new products, mainly including:
1. In the construction application, the hydrophobic pearlite products develop rapidly, because in addition to its low density and good thermal insulation effect, the biggest feature is the good water-repellent performance, which provides high quality for the leakage of the building roof that has not been solved for many years. The materials are therefore recognized by the architectural design department and the user, for which there is a wide market. Generally, the density is 200-250kg/m 3 , the compressive strength is 0.4-0.5MPa, and the product with more than 95% drowning water is ex-factory price 300-350 yuan/m 3 , which is transported to the construction site of 400 yuan/m 3 . The sales situation is optimistic.
2. Perlite cement hollow slabs (interior partition wall panels) have developed rapidly in recent years. Now, not only in the north, but also in the southern region, the total output is estimated to be tens of millions. Square meters, the development momentum is optimistic.
3. With the development of wall material reform in China, cement perlite blocks also have a good market. They were first produced and applied in the north. Now they have been mass-produced and applied in southern areas such as Guangdong and Fujian. Generally, the product has a density of 800-900kg/m 3 and a compressive strength of more than 5 MPa. The price is 200-250 yuan/m 3 , and the product has good benefits.
4. Expanded perlite decorative sound absorbing panels have been produced in China for many years. Although this product has higher density than glass wool and rock wool board and slightly poor surface finish, it has good fireproof performance and low price, so it has certain market competitiveness. It is estimated that the national annual output is around 1 million m 2 and the price is 15-30 yuan/m 2 . Shanghai's Armstrong production line imported from the United States produces high-quality perlite decorative sound-absorbing panels, which are sold at home and abroad and have a good market.
The industrial standard of expanded perlite products was implemented in 1989. According to the development of this product, some technical indicators need to be revised. For this reason, the National Building Materials Bureau has issued a revised plan, which is undertaken by Henan Building Materials Research and Design Institute and is planned to be completed within this year. Executed within the industry.
5. In recent years, the market for perlite with perlite (also known as pearl sand) is optimistic. The dosage is increasing year by year. The products are mainly used in low temperature engineering and refrigeration equipment. The quality of perlite for deep cooling is stricter, whiteness, Density and water content have high requirements, and the price is higher than ordinary expanded perlite, generally 80 to 120 yuan / m 3 . In 1998, a company sold 30,000 m 3 and the benefits were very good. However, enterprises with such backward technological processes are not produced. The industry standard for this product is planned to be implemented this year and will be implemented in the industry in 2000.
6. Perlite filter aid products have been faster in the past few years, and more than 20 production lines have been built, with a production capacity of 4 to 50,000 t/a. Due to the backward production process and equipment, the quality of the products is inferior, the technical indicators are not up to the requirements, some enterprise markets have not been opened, and the entry of low-quality products into the market has also tarnished the reputation of the products, causing some enterprises to stop production. Some production enterprises with advanced production technology and good product quality have received very good benefits. For example, Xinyang Zhongnan Filter Media Co., Ltd. sold 4,000 tons in 1998, accounting for about 40% of the national production. Although the current production and sales volume of this product is low, from the perspective of development, the application is very wide and the market is very large. If the work is done well, the annual production and application scale can reach 100,000 tons. In order to develop and better promote the application of this product, the association has developed the standard for this product in two years. It has been approved for review and is expected to be implemented in the industry in the second half of 1999.
7. Expanded perlite has been used in horticulture and soilless cultivation in recent years. It has been applied in large quantities in large cities and economically developed areas, and the dosage has increased year by year. Shanghai introduced the perlite gardening and cutting application technology from Israel two years ago. The products entered the market and received good benefits. It should be said that expanded perlite is widely used in horticulture, flowering, lawn and soilless cultivation in China. In addition, expanded perlite has a good momentum for the filling of chemical raw materials, the application of expanded perlite fine powder, and the application of large-grain perlite.
Second, improving the quality of perlite ore products is the need to accelerate the development of China's perlite industry
(1) Status of quality of expanded perlite ore products
The quality of the expanded perlite ore product determines the quality of the expanded perlite product, the quality of the deep-processed product and the economic benefits of the enterprise. It is the basis for the development of China's perlite industry. In 1989, China formulated the quality standard for ore products for expanded perlite, and made clear regulations on its chemical composition, loss on ignition, adsorption water content, impurity content, expansion ratio and bulk density, and strictly required product quality. Strong supervision has promoted the quality of China's perlite ore products. However, through the quality inspections conducted by previous years and the situation reflected by enterprises, some mineral sand enterprises have high impurity content, uneven size and particle size, high water content, and excessive fine powder, which makes users unable to produce normally and causes deep processing for users. It is very difficult. Can improve the product quality of ore, increase the expansion ratio and the utilization rate of ore, meet the needs of the expansion plant, in addition to improving the process and equipment transformation, but also to enhance the quality awareness, pay attention to product quality, strengthen quality management, and make the quality of the ore A step.
(2) Introduced expanded perlite ore production line
In order to improve the quality of China's expanded perlite ore products and the level of deep processing products, and accelerate the development of China's perlite industry, Huaxi Mineral Products Co., Ltd., a Sino-foreign joint venture established in Xinyang, has been put into operation in September 1998 with a total investment of 4 million US dollars. The introduction of advanced equipment and technology abroad, the construction of an annual output of 100,000 tons of ore production line, high degree of automation, crushing and screening equipment imported from Germany and the United States, according to user requirements to produce uniform quality, no dust of high quality ore. The production line also has a process and equipment for preheating the ore sand, and the excess adsorbed water of the ore is discharged, and the double-layer plastic bag is packaged and shipped. After the expanded perlite production plant purchases the ore, it can directly feed the roasting and expansion without preheating.
(3) The price of mineral sand products
The price of mineral sand products is relatively cheap in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. The general ex-factory price is 60-90 yuan/t. The price in Xinyang is high, and the ex-factory price is 100-130 yuan/t. In recent years, due to the increase in the price of ore sand, the cost of deep-processed products has increased. For example, the freight from Xinyang to Shanghai is about 100 yuan/t, and the price of ore is about 250 yuan/t, and some plus short-distance transportation. 300 yuan / t or so, from Xinyang to Guangdong expansion plant some 320 yuan / t, is not conducive to product market competition, business and industry development. In the face of fierce competition in the market, our mine sand enterprises should pursue quality rather than price. We must work hard to improve quality, improve management, increase ore utilization, reduce consumption, reduce costs, and accelerate our own development.
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