Analyze the atomic non-disassembled test gear facility in crude oil

When the gear was running for 1 h, we found that the abrasive particles in the collected lubricating oil were several hundred times larger than the ordinary lubricating oil. Microscopic observations confirmed that the proportion of particles rubbed by impurities is clearly very high (see Figure 1). On the contrary, in the normal case of using an impurity-free lubricating oil, the oil contains only extremely fine abrasive particles (about 5 Lm in diameter), which are called normal abrasion particles, and hardly abrasive particles.
When the abrasive particles observed in the lubricating oil had 7.5 hours of operation, we disassembled the gear unit and found that there were some scratches caused by impurities on the moving surface of the gear and the inner and outer ring grooves.
They all have a comprehensive scratch due to the accumulation of impurities between the teeth and the beginning of the scratch.
The test results of the tooth surface damaged by the presence of impurities in the gear oil confirm that the intrusion of impurities and the subsequent abnormal wear can be diagnosed without disassembling the gear unit. This method is to collect a small amount of lubricant sample to detect whether the oil contains abrasive particles and wear particles are increasing rapidly.
The diagnosis of the gear teeth is to study the mechanism of the gear teeth, and the toothing test was carried out with the IAE gear tester. This type of test is very useful because it can measure the burning characteristics of gear oil.
When the load of the test gear is lower than the wear protection performance value of the gear oil, there is no trace of the tooth on the tooth surface, and when the load of the test gear is higher than the above value, it can be seen that the tooth contact surface of about 70 has Mild scratches or initial burnout. If the wear particles on the test gear that are not seen when there are no signs of biting on the test gear, it is indicated that the tooth has occurred. We tested the oil samples collected at this stage and found that they contained large and coarse abrasive particles (about 20 Lm in diameter) or brown or black abrasive particles due to heat, but these scratches were not visible when scratches were observed. Particles do not exist.
When we continued the test, the test gear tooth surface began to smoke, and the speed and current of the test machine fluctuated, indicating that burning had occurred.
We stopped the test machine to test the test gear and found that almost the entire tooth surface had obvious bite marks. We again collected lubricant samples for testing and found that large, coarse abrasive particles (about 20 Lm in diameter) and the wear particles that turned brown or black due to heat were greatly increased in the initial stage of scratching.
These facts show that it is not necessary to disassemble the gear box, only a small amount of oil sample is collected to detect whether it contains large and coarse particles (about 20 Lm in diameter) or it becomes brown or black abrasion particles due to heat, and it can be observed when measuring light teeth. The wear particles, the particles become the wear particles observed when the bite of the brown tooth surface is bitten, and the particles become black with a slight bite.

A beam and slab, or composite bridge is one where a reinforced concrete deck slab sits on top of steel I-beams, and acts compositely with them in bending, There are two principal forms of this beam and slab construction; Multi-girder construction and ladder deck construction. Between them, they account for the majority of medium span highway bridges currently being built in the UK, and are suitable for span ranging from 13m up to 100m. The choice between the two forms depends on economic considerations and site-specific factors such as form of intermediate supports and access for construction.

Beam Bridges

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