Application of Ground Source Heat Pump in Recycling Difficult Area

The main distribution Beijing, the capital of China, has long been committed to improving its air quality and reducing pollution. Since 2000, the municipal government has implemented an air pollution control plan that includes replacing coal-fired boilers with clean energy sources and banning the construction of new coal-fired boilers in urban areas. As a result, technologies like water source heat pump systems—known for their energy efficiency and environmental benefits—have gained widespread recognition. However, the challenge lies in the proper extraction and recharge of groundwater, which is crucial for the system’s performance. In regions with poor hydrogeological conditions, achieving 100% groundwater recharge can be difficult, leading to unstable system operation. This is where ground source heat pump systems come into play. Unlike water source systems, they use closed-loop pipes filled with polyethylene to exchange heat with the ground, eliminating the need to extract or recharge groundwater. Their successful implementation in areas with limited groundwater resources has made them a viable alternative. This article will compare water source and ground source heat pump systems, their respective geological suitability, and provide an introduction to the application of ground source heat pump systems at the Greening Bureau of Chaoyang District, helping readers better understand this sustainable technology. **First, Introduction to the Heat Pump System** **1. Overview** The Earth, on which humans depend, is not only rich in mineral resources but also serves as a vast energy reservoir. For instance, the temperature of the ground just a few meters below the surface remains relatively stable throughout the year, typically between 15°C and 17°C. This temperature is ideal for heating in winter when it's warmer than the outside air (5–15°C), and for cooling in summer when it's cooler than the outside (25–40°C). A ground-source heat pump system utilizes this stable underground temperature by extracting heat in winter and releasing it in summer. For every 1 kW of electrical power used, the system can provide 2.5–3 kW of heat in winter and 3.5–4 kW of cooling in summer. The key to the system's success lies in effectively transferring heat with the ground. Both water source and ground source heat pumps fall under the broader category of ground heat pump systems, but they differ in how they extract and release heat. **2. Water Source Heat Pump vs. Ground Source Heat Pump** **2.1 Water Source Heat Pump System** This system uses groundwater as a heat exchange medium. It extracts heat from the groundwater in winter and releases it back during summer. Wells are drilled to pump and recharge groundwater, and the number and depth of wells depend on the system's load and the aquifer's capacity. **2.2 Ground Source Heat Pump System** Unlike water source systems, this one uses a closed-loop pipe system filled with a circulating fluid. In winter, it absorbs heat from the ground and transfers it to the building; in summer, it removes heat from the building and releases it into the ground. The design depends on the system’s size and the thermal properties of the soil. **Second, Beijing’s Hydrogeological Conditions** In Beijing, areas with good hydrogeological conditions are mainly found along the ancient river channels of the Yongding and Chaobai Rivers. These areas are suitable for water source heat pumps, including districts such as Haidian, Shijingshan, Fengtai, northern Daxing, and parts of Shunyi. The pumping and recharge capacity varies depending on local conditions. Ground source heat pumps, on the other hand, can be applied almost everywhere. In flat areas like northern Haidian, Chaoyang, Changping, southern Shunyi, Tongxian, and Daxing, installation is easier and more cost-effective. However, in mountainous or piedmont regions, where the rock layers are harder, drilling costs increase significantly. **Third, Conclusion** The ground source heat pump system is a clean, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly technology that uses minimal electricity to provide heating and cooling. It eliminates the need to extract and recharge groundwater, making it suitable for areas with poor hydrogeological conditions. Promoting and applying this system supports the "Blue Sky Project" and plays an important role in adjusting the energy structure.

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