Breakthrough progress in Hubei rapeseed harvesting technology

In a recent seminar organized by the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, experts and officials from across China gathered in Hubei to discuss the future of rapeseed production mechanization. A key event before the meeting was a field demonstration of advanced rapeseed harvesting techniques at the 10th group of Majiatai Village in Qianjiang City. Academicians from prestigious institutions such as China Agricultural University, Northeast Agricultural University, Hunan Agricultural University, and Huazhong Agricultural University, along with officials from agricultural machinery departments in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, and Sichuan, witnessed the latest advancements in this area. During the demonstration, three different types of harvesters were used to showcase the efficiency of mechanized rapeseed harvesting. One was the Futian 4LZ-2.0 harvester, designed for staged harvesting, where workers manually cut the mature rapeseed and fed it into the machine. The other two machines, the Woer 4LZ-2.0 and the Huzhou 4LZ-200 rice and wheat combine harvester, were modified for rapeseed use. These machines completed the entire process of harvesting, threshing, and cleaning in less than 20 minutes over an area of 0.33 hectares. Compared to traditional manual harvesting, which typically has a loss rate of around 15%, mechanical harvesting reduces losses to 8–10%. Additionally, one combine harvester can perform the work of 45–50 laborers, significantly increasing efficiency. Hubei Province is a major producer of rapeseed, with a planting area of 1.178 million hectares in 2005 and an output of over 2 million tons. This accounts for about one-sixth of the national total and one-eighteenth of the global production. Rapeseed has become a crucial economic crop in the province, especially with the development of "double-low" varieties—low erucic acid and low glucosinolates—which have greatly improved the quality of vegetable oil and cake. The double-low rapeseed industry is part of Hubei's "Four Excellences" initiative, focusing on high-quality grain, cotton, and oil. Since 2001, Hubei has been working to mechanize the entire rapeseed production process, from sowing to harvesting. Various cities and counties have experimented with different models, including segmental harvesting and one-time operations using modified machinery. By the end of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan," the province aimed to achieve an 80% mechanization rate for plowing, 30% for planting, 40% for harvesting, 20% for drying, and a 40% comprehensive mechanization level. Academician Wang Yihua from China Agricultural University praised Hubei’s progress, noting that the province had explored various technologies to improve productivity and reduce costs. He expressed optimism about the future of full-process mechanization in rapeseed production. At the same time, Academician Fu Tingdong from Huazhong Agricultural University highlighted challenges in both seeding and harvesting. He pointed out issues such as small seed size, inconsistent maturity, and difficult soil conditions in southern paddy fields. To address these, he suggested improving variety traits, such as semi-dwarf plants, compact growth, and reduced pod shattering, to better suit mechanized farming practices. Overall, Hubei is leading the way in rapeseed mechanization, setting a benchmark for other regions and contributing to the advancement of agricultural technology in China.

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