Application of wet multi-disc brake on forklift

Zhang Donglin, Technical Center of Anhui Forklift Group Corporation (230022)

[Abstract]: wet multi-disc brake has a large brake torque, and strong long life, anti-pollution and anti-fading, maintenance-free and many other features. At present, our company has taken the lead in applying it to three-point electric forklifts, 5-10t forklifts, 16-18t forklifts, 18-25t stackers, 50 loaders and other construction vehicles. This paper introduces the structure, working principle and characteristics of the wet multi-disc brake.
[ Key words ] : forklift wet multi-disc brake working principle structural characteristics
I. Preface <br> The brakes used in engineering vehicle products mainly include: shoe brakes, wet multi-disc brakes, and caliper disc brakes. The 1-10t forklifts produced by domestic enterprises mostly use shoe brakes; the forklifts and stackers above 16t use wet multi-disc brakes; the loaders often use caliper disc brakes (lower) and wet multi-disc brakes (higher).
In recent years, the brake systems of engineering machinery such as forklifts and loaders imported from abroad have generally adopted wet multi-disc brakes, such as DAEWOO in Korea, CLARK in the US, CATERPILLAR in Sweden, VOLVO in Sweden, and KESSLER in Germany. Wet multi-disc brakes are commonly used in leading products. Through the use of various working conditions, the wet multi-disc brake has many characteristics such as large braking torque, long service life, strong resistance to pollution and pollution, and maintenance-free, which has won wide favor from users.
As a leading enterprise in the domestic forklift manufacturing industry, Anhui Forklift Group Co., Ltd. has been committed to the research and development of forklifts and their components. At present, the wet multi-disc brakes have been applied to three-point electric forklifts, 5-10t forklifts, 16-18t forklifts, 18-25t stackers, 50 loaders and other engineering vehicles. The newly developed G-series forklifts will also be equipped. Wet multi-disc brake.
Second, the structure, working principle and characteristics of the wet multi-disc brake <br> Figure 1 is the drive axle structure diagram of the 5-7t forklift of Anhui Forklift Group equipped with wet multi-disc brake. As can be seen from the figure, the wet multi-disc brake is mainly composed of a brake housing, a brake piston, a friction plate, an oil seal and an end plate. A plurality of fixed and rotating brake linings are staggered and arranged in a sealed brake housing filled with cooling oil. The fixed friction plates (tablets) are connected to the brake housing via external splines, and the rotating friction plates are passed through The spline is connected to the hub and rotates with the hub. When the oil from the brake valve enters the brake, the brake piston compresses the staggered brake linings, causing the rotating friction lining to be decelerated by friction until it stops rotating, achieving the purpose of braking.

Figure 15-7t forklift drive axle diagram

From the above structure and principle analysis, the wet multi-disc brake has the following characteristics:
1. The brake friction plate works in the sealed oil bath. The porous fiber surface on both sides of the friction plate can ensure that a layer of film oil always separates the friction plate and the pressure piece, preventing the friction plate and the pressure piece from directly contacting. Friction and friction between the friction plates are minimized. This type of brake has stable working performance, does not need to be adjusted frequently, and has a long service life. It is generally 3-5 times of dry brake, and its performance will not decline after more than three years of use.
2. Because the wet multi-disc brake is fully enclosed, the components such as the pressing piece, the friction plate, the end plate and the brake piston are all installed in the brake housing to protect them from external moisture, dust and impurities. In addition, the brake uses a brake hydraulic pump. When the hydraulic oil enters the brake cylinder, the force of the piston pushing the fixed disc and the friction disc is evenly distributed, and the hydraulic pressure is linearly related to the generated braking force. Therefore, the brake is quick and stable, the braking performance is stable, and the safety is high.
3. Wet multi-disc brake is hydraulically driven, oil circulation cooling and cooling, has good heat dissipation performance, reduces maintenance and prolongs service life. The cooling method can be self-cooling or forced depending on the braking strength. The self-cooling brake has no seal between the support shaft and the hub. The lubricating oil of the lubrication differential and the planetary wheel reducer can flow directly into the brake to achieve the effect of cooling the brake disc at the same time, such as three-point electric forklift, 5-7t Forklifts and 50 loaders use self-cooling cycle cooling. The forced cooling is to take the coolant in the brake through the hydraulic system of the forklift and to force the cooling outside the brake. For example, the 16-18t forklift and the 18-25t stacker use forced hydraulic oil circulation cooling. Even if the forklift is operated under high speed, high load, and frequent braking, the brake will not be cooled due to heat.
4. The wet multi-disc brake adopts multi-piece structure, and the annular working area is large, which can obtain a large braking torque under the pressure of the small lining, and the pressure of the component is reduced, and the unit of the friction plate is smaller than the pressure. By changing the number of friction pairs, the braking torque can be adjusted, and the serialization and standardization of the friction pair can be easily realized.
5. The initial cost of the wet multi-disc brake is slightly higher than that of the dry brake, but the brake has the advantages of no wear, no need for frequent maintenance, long-term performance stability, etc., and can produce low maintenance cost and high productivity. It is estimated that the above-mentioned additional investment can be recovered within half a year of work, as measured by the periodic maintenance costs, conventional repair costs and parking losses incurred by the dry brakes. It can be seen that a forklift that remains in production can turn the time and cost losses caused by the failure and repair into higher economic benefits.
III. Concluding remarks <br> With the development of forklifts in the direction of large-scale, high-performance and automation, the handling, stability, reliability and economy of brake control devices are becoming more and more demanding. Wet multi-disc brakes replace other Form brakes have become an inevitable trend. In order to improve the running performance and working efficiency of the forklift, Anhui Forklift Group Co., Ltd. is the first in China to apply wet multi-disc brakes to forklifts, which is of great guiding significance for the development of forklift parts.

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