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In the daily driving, our truck driver has the most contact gearboxes with manual gearboxes. Although the manual transmission gearbox is mature and reliable, but in actual use, the driving technology requirements are relatively high. When driving a manual transmission model, it is necessary to use hands and feet together, and it is often necessary to increase or decrease the gear according to the road conditions, and it is easy to fatigue for a long time. The emergence of the gearbox makes up for these points.
But do you know? What kind of transmission is the so-called automatic transmission? AMT, AT, and DCT are automatic transmissions. What are the differences between them? Here's a detailed introduction to these three automatic transmissions.
â— The mainstay of the AMT automatic file
AMT (Automated Mechanical Transmission) mechanical automatic transmission belongs to a new class of automatic transmissions. The mechanical nature of the box comes from the MT manual transmission. The AMT automatic transmission is transformed on the basis of the original mechanical transmission. With the overall transmission structure unchanged, the automatic shifting system can be realized through the installation of the TCU-controlled automatic control system. Since there is no torque converter, the transmission efficiency is higher than that of AT. As with the transmission efficiency of MT transmission, the power transmission efficiency is above 90%.
Currently, the AMT gearbox is the most suitable automatic transmission for trucks. Due to the high efficiency of AMT gearbox transmission, technology is simpler than AT and DCT. It can be upgraded to AMT on the basis of the existing MT manual transmission. Therefore, AMT trucks are more popular in Europe, and Volvo, Mercedes-Benz and Scania are all equipped with 70% market share in Europe.
At present, there are three major domestic AMT gearboxes, namely: Heavy Truck, Fast, and Liberation. Heavy-duty trucks and fast engines are used in pneumatic control. The technology comes from WABCO. Liberation opens up another way and cooperates with Bosch, using a motor control gear selection mechanism.
The market share of models equipped with AMT gearboxes in domestically-made cars has begun to grow. With liberation as an example, the models with AMT transmissions are only priced more than 10,000 yuan more than the models with MT transmissions. You don't need to worry about the fuel consumption. After years of training, AMT users have already reported that they are basically the same as the MT manual transmission models. What AMT brings is a better driving experience and longer clutch service life.
â— The most suitable for AT complex conditions
AT (Automatic Transmission) automatic transmission, in fact, should be called a strict sense of the torque converter automatic transmission, AT gearbox more applications in the car, but there are also some applications in the truck, more famous is the United States Allison . Because the AT gearbox uses a hydraulic torque converter (hydraulic coupler) to achieve a soft connection between the engine and planetary gear sets, it can buffer the engine's power shock. The mechanical gear set of the planetary gears can be increased or decreased according to the change gear ratio. The AT gearbox is more suitable for use in conditions where the road conditions are complex and frequent starts are required. There is a liberation wide body dump truck that is equipped with Allison AT in order to meet the needs of the vehicle in the mining road conditions.
Although the AT gearbox can easily face frequent starts and withstand relatively large engine torque, the AT gearbox also has disadvantages. Because the engine power needs to be transmitted to the gear set through the hydraulic torque converter (hydraulic coupler), the engine power will be consumed in vain and the transmission efficiency will be reduced, so it will be more costly than the manual transmission. In addition, the AT gearbox has a complex structure and a slightly higher manufacturing cost. At present, only a few manufacturers such as Allison of the United States, Voith of Germany, and China Shuangte produce the AT gearbox for trucks.
â— The goddess of high cold in DCT truck gearbox
The DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission) double-clutch transmission is currently regarded as the most advanced mechanical automatic transmission. The essence is the same as the AMT transmission, except that it is controlled by two sets of clutches, which can basically be understood as AMT. The gearbox has a clutch. The two clutches work alternately, one to control odd-numbered gears and the other to control even-numbered gears. The pre-selected gear bite in advance to shorten the shift time. In theory, the power output of the DCT double-clutch gearbox is better, and the power output is uninterrupted. When climbing, the speed is faster, and the purpose of fuel saving can be achieved. .
Due to the high manufacturing requirements of DCT dual-clutch gearboxes, manufacturing difficulties, and high manufacturing costs, only a few gearboxes such as Volvo of Sweden and Mitsubishi of Japan have been used in the production of trucks of their respective brands. DCT gearboxes are rarely seen in the truck market. Most of them are in the status of technical reserves. If we want to popularize, we have to wait for manufacturers to reduce production costs and improve the stability of DCT gearboxes.
â— Postscript:
Through the above introduction, the majority of card friends have a certain understanding of the three automatic transmissions. Through comparison, it was found that the AMT gearbox is more suitable for road transport and the AT is suitable for use in complex road conditions. In Europe, the models that match the AMT gearboxes are the first choice for car buyers. More and more domestic drivers have started to choose vehicles that match the AMT gearboxes to reduce driving intensity, and the use of AMT gearboxes for road vehicles will become a general trend.
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