The Characteristics and Development of Solenoid Valve Technology in China

Solenoid valves, as key components in automation systems, have seen a significant increase in usage in recent years. This paper explores the main characteristics of solenoid valves and focuses on the development of domestic technologies, providing an overview of their applications. It also examines the trends in simplification, intelligence, universality, and specialization, while briefly discussing social factors influencing the technological development of solenoid valves. Keywords: intelligent solenoid valve, universal solenoid valve, multi-functional solenoid valve, self-holding solenoid valve 1. Main Features of Solenoid Valves (1) Minimal external and internal leakage, ensuring safe operation. One of the major safety concerns in control valves is leakage, both internal and external. Traditional self-controlled valves often rely on electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic actuators to move the spool, which requires dynamic seals that can lead to long-term leakage issues. In contrast, solenoid valves use electromagnetic force to seal the core within a sleeve, eliminating the need for dynamic seals and significantly reducing the risk of leakage. Unlike electric valves, which are harder to control and prone to internal leakage or even stem detachment, solenoid valves allow for better control of internal leakage, often achieving zero leakage. This makes them particularly suitable for use with corrosive, toxic, or high-temperature media. (2) Simple system design, cost-effective, and compatible with computers. Solenoid valves are inherently simple in structure and relatively inexpensive compared to other types of actuators like control valves. They are easy to install and maintain. More importantly, the control system they require is much simpler and more affordable. As they operate on switch signals, they integrate seamlessly with industrial computers. With the widespread adoption of computers and the declining costs of technology, the advantages of solenoid valves have become even more evident. (3) Fast response, low power consumption, and compact design. Solenoid valves can respond in just a few milliseconds, and pilot-operated models can be controlled within tens of milliseconds. Their fast response time makes them more responsive than many other types of self-controlled valves. Additionally, well-designed solenoid valve coils consume very little power, making them energy-efficient. Many models only require a brief electrical pulse to actuate, after which they automatically hold their position without continuous power consumption. Their small size and lightweight design make them space-saving and aesthetically pleasing. (4) Limited regulation accuracy and medium compatibility. Solenoid valves typically operate in two states—open or closed—and the spool can only be in two extreme positions. This limits their ability to provide continuous flow control, although some innovative designs are being tested. Additionally, they require clean media, as particulate matter or viscous substances can cause blockages. The range of applicable media is also limited, and each product is usually designed for a specific viscosity range. (5) Wide variety of models and broad application fields. Despite these limitations, solenoid valves remain highly advantageous due to their reliability, efficiency, and versatility. As a result, they come in a wide range of models to meet various needs across different industries. Ongoing research focuses on overcoming their inherent shortcomings while enhancing their existing strengths and expanding their applicability. 2. Development Trends in Solenoid Valve Technology 2.1 Streamlined Design Direction In the current technological landscape, there's a growing trend toward simplification. A streamlined design not only enhances performance but also improves ease of use and maintenance. By focusing on essential functions and reducing unnecessary complexity, manufacturers are able to create more efficient and user-friendly solenoid valves. This approach aligns with the broader industry movement toward smart, compact, and reliable automation solutions.

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