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Solenoid valves, as key components of automation systems, have seen a significant increase in usage in recent years. This paper explores the main characteristics of solenoid valves and provides an overview of the development of domestic mature technologies from an application perspective. It discusses the trends in simplification, intelligence, universality, and specialization, while also briefly touching on the social factors influencing the technological development of solenoid valves.
Keywords: intelligent solenoid valve, universal solenoid valve, multi-functional valve, self-holding valve
1. Main Features of Solenoid Valves
(1) **Leakage Control and Safety**
One of the major advantages of solenoid valves is their ability to effectively control both external and internal leakage, ensuring safe operation. Unlike other self-controlled valves that rely on actuators such as electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic systems to move the spool, solenoid valves use electromagnetic force to seal the core within a sleeve, eliminating the need for dynamic seals. This design significantly reduces the risk of leakage. Electric valves often suffer from issues like poor torque control, internal leakage, or even stem detachment, while solenoid valves are easier to manage in terms of internal leakage, making them ideal for use with corrosive, toxic, or high-temperature media.
(2) **Simple System and Low Cost**
Solenoid valves are inherently simple in design and relatively inexpensive compared to other types of actuators, such as control valves. Their installation and maintenance are straightforward, and the control system they require is much simpler and more cost-effective. As they operate on switch signals, they integrate easily with industrial computers. In today’s era of widespread computerization and falling prices, the cost-effectiveness of solenoid valves has become even more evident.
(3) **Fast Response and Energy Efficiency**
Solenoid valves can respond in just a few milliseconds, and pilot-operated models can be controlled within tens of milliseconds. Their response time is faster than many other self-controlled valves due to their direct-acting mechanism. Additionally, well-designed solenoid valve coils consume very little power, making them energy-efficient. They can be triggered once and then maintain their position without continuous power consumption. Their compact size and lightweight design also make them space-saving and aesthetically pleasing.
(4) **Limited Regulation and Medium Restrictions**
Solenoid valves typically only have two states—open and closed—and the spool can only be in extreme positions, which limits their regulation accuracy. Although some new concepts aim to improve this, most remain in the experimental stage. Moreover, solenoid valves require clean media, and they cannot handle granular or viscous substances. The range of suitable media for a particular model is also limited, requiring filtration for impure or highly viscous fluids.
(5) **Diverse Models and Wide Applications**
Despite these limitations, solenoid valves offer strong advantages, leading to a wide variety of models designed to meet different needs across various industries. Ongoing research focuses on overcoming their inherent drawbacks while enhancing their existing strengths and expanding their applications.
2. Development Trends in Solenoid Valve Technology
2.1 **Trend Toward Simplification**
The trend in solenoid valve development is moving toward simplicity and efficiency. By streamlining designs and reducing complexity, manufacturers aim to enhance reliability and reduce costs, making these valves more accessible and practical for a broader range of applications.
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