· The regulation of motor vehicle emissions is not strict?

Some technical routes have been unanimously rejected by most experts at home and abroad, but they can also be approved by the automobile manufacturers and the new model-type approval quality inspection agencies to enter the “big announcement” of the new model of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. This is obvious fraudulent fraud. behavior. There are also car companies that are fraudulent in the production and sales of vehicles, using the country's second car to pretend to be a national three-car, and even posing as a national four-car. Information picture Li Kunsheng ● If the new model is approved for fraud, it will lead to the announcement that the new model is not up to standard, and it is not guaranteed that the new model of mass production will meet the standard.
It is necessary to standardize the honesty and trustworthiness of testing institutions and punish their fraud. In addition, car companies and their related personnel should also be punished for fraud when applying for new models. ● It is necessary for the competent transportation department to regulate the unqualified vehicle maintenance market for environmental inspection, strictly enter, and implement qualification management for maintenance organizations.
When the environmental protection department re-examines the unqualified vehicles for the environmental inspection, the vehicle owner should be required to provide the maintenance certificate with the maintenance qualification agency. Otherwise, the vehicle inspection will not be re-examined. The motor vehicle emission control in China includes the approval of the new model and the supervision of the new vehicle. Whether the vehicles produced and sold are consistent with the indicators of the approved “announcement” prototype vehicle, and the basic links such as the compliance of the vehicles in compliance with the standards of durability, including the supervision of the quality control of the inspection equipment, each The specific regulatory effects of the links will directly affect the overall effect of vehicle pollution prevention and control.
In the current specific practice of motor vehicle emission control, there are still some problems, such as the phenomenon of fraud in the new model type approval, and there is no penalty for the durability of the vehicle in the durability mileage, the OBD device indicates that the emission exceeds the standard and continues to drive, the treatment and testing equipment The fish are mixed, the maintenance market is not standardized, the vehicles that exceed the standards are penalized, and the environmental law enforcement personnel have the power to punish but have no right to intercept the vehicles. How to solve these problems? How can supervision be more efficient?
Type approval from the source to ensure that the technical route of environmentally-friendly vehicles is the key factor to determine whether it can meet the standard emissions, must pay attention to its assessment and selection, the negative technical route can not be used, crack down on the implementation of motor vehicle emission countries and countries Since the four standards, there have been several debates in the industry on the technical route of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emission control. For example, whether a single pump can replace the high pressure common rail, whether the mechanical pump plus EGR can replace the electronically controlled high pressure common rail, can the POC replace the DPF or the SCR. However, these arguments soon came to a conclusion. Some technical routes were unanimously rejected by most experts at home and abroad, and they believed that they could not achieve compliance.
Although some technical routes have been negated, they can be approved in the domestic industry under the joint efforts of automobile manufacturers and new model-type quality inspection agencies, and enter the “big announcement” of the new model of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, allowing the use of new vehicles in mass production. This is a serious out of control of technical route management.
The advanced technical route of a motor vehicle is a key factor in determining whether it can meet the standard emission. It must pay attention to its assessment and selection. It is recommended that relevant departments such as environmental protection be authorized to set up expert technical committees to assess the technical route of vehicles. The technical route denied by the committee cannot be approved by the new model and entered into the new model announcement of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The mass production of new vehicles cannot be used.
The technical route denied by the experts can be approved by the new model and enter the announcement. The car company is responsible for this phenomenon, and the quality inspection agency is also responsible.
At present, before the mass production of new models, third-party quality inspection agencies must conduct safety, environmental protection, energy consumption and other performance tests on new models. After passing the test, the type approval is obtained, and then the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology releases the “big announcement” of the new model, according to which it can be mass-produced and marketed.
As mentioned above, there are fraudulent frauds in the type approval of third-party quality inspection agencies. CCTV's “3.15” party in 2014 has exposed the fuel consumption certification fraud of relevant testing organizations.
Type approval is an important part of ensuring the vehicle's compliance. If the type approval is fraudulent, it will lead to the environmental protection of the new models that are not up to standard, and it is not guaranteed that the new models of mass production will meet the environmental standards. It is necessary to standardize the honesty and trustworthiness of quality inspection agencies and punish their fraud. In addition, car companies and their related personnel should be punished for fraud when applying for new models.
In the endurance mileage, if the emission standard is not met, the automobile manufacturer shall recall it and be responsible for free replacement of relevant environmental protection parts. If the OBD setting is found to be inconsistent with the standard, the recall shall be handled and the corresponding penalty clause shall be established from the implementation of the national three emission standards. Since then, the national motor vehicle emission standards have begun to stipulate that automobile manufacturers must ensure that the vehicles they produce are discharged within the durability mileage. The National Third Standard requires a durability mileage of 80,000 kilometers, a state of 100,000 kilometers, and a state of the country of 160,000 kilometers, but this rule has not been implemented. At present, China's "three guarantees" (return, replacement, repair) system has been effectively implemented, and relevant measures can be used to implement the above provisions.
From the perspective of safety, the national “three guarantees” system stipulates that after the automobile sales, the automobile manufacturer is responsible for repairing and replacing the relevant parts for the users free of charge within 50,000 kilometers or three years. The "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law" can learn from the "three guarantees" system of automobiles, stipulating that if the automobile fails to meet the standards within the durability mileage, the automobile manufacturer should recall it and be responsible for free replacement of relevant environmental protection parts to strengthen the environmental responsibility of the automobile manufacturer. .
In addition, the national motor vehicle emission standards also require that the light vehicle of the national three or more and the heavy vehicle of the national four or more should be equipped with a vehicle emission self-diagnosis system, that is, an OBD device. When the light vehicle emissions are seriously exceeded, the OBD device will remind the owner that when the heavy vehicle emissions are seriously exceeded, the owner can not only remind the owner, but also reduce the torque limit driving (reducing the engine's power to limit the vehicle's driving) and forcing the owner to repair. Many countries in Europe and the United States attach great importance to the installation of OBD emission exceeding the reminder system.
However, at present, there are many cases in which the OBD installations of motor vehicles produced in China are not qualified. Because there are no legal, administrative regulations and technical standards and other relevant penalties, it is more difficult to handle.
It is recommended that if the OBD setting does not meet the standard when the new vehicle environmental consistency check and the vehicle conformity test are found, the recall should be given and the corresponding penalty clauses should be established. After the OBD alarm prompts, if the owner of the vehicle travels for more than 200 kilometers and does not go to normal maintenance, he should also be punished by the owner.
How does the environmental inspection more standardized science?
Carry out compulsory certification management of motor vehicle related environmental protection equipment, testing equipment and key parts; the competent transportation department shall standardize the unqualified vehicle maintenance market for environmental inspection, strictly enter the market, and implement qualification management for maintenance organizations in developed countries, in order to achieve better reduction. With the effect of drainage and higher regulatory accuracy, it is usually mandatory to certify the relevant environmental protection equipment, testing equipment and key components of motor vehicles. In key areas and important regulatory occasions, certified equipment and instruments must be used. This will enable the vehicle to meet the set emission reduction target requirements, and future supervision will be more accurate, effective and convenient.
For example, in the United States, the vehicle inspection equipment ASM (steady-state simple condition detection) detection line is subject to the mandatory certification of BAR (California Vehicle Maintenance Bureau), and the BAR97 certificate can be used for regular inspection of the inspection field. Otherwise, General acceptance testing for maintenance levels.
At present, China's environmental compulsory certification in this area is still basically in a blank state, and a variety of environmental protection equipment are mixed. Within the scope of the current national certification system, the environmental protection department may be authorized to cooperate with other departments to carry out compulsory certification management of motor vehicle related environmental protection equipment, testing equipment and key components. Of course, other equipment in the field of environmental management and key components of environmentally friendly treatment equipment should also implement a mandatory certification management system.
In addition to compulsory certification, strengthening qualification management is also an important measure of quality management.
According to the regulations, if the vehicle is not qualified by the environmental protection test, it needs to be re-examined after repair to get on the road. However, the maintenance market for unqualified vehicles in many cities, including Beijing, is not standardized. Some scattered small repair workshops are not qualified. The rental purifiers begin to carry out maintenance business, which seriously affects the quality of maintenance.
It is necessary for the competent transportation department to regulate the unqualified vehicle maintenance market for environmental inspection, strictly enter the market, and implement qualification management for the maintenance organization. When the environmental protection department re-examines the unqualified vehicles for the environmental inspection, the owner of the vehicle should be required to provide the maintenance certificate with the maintenance qualification agency. Otherwise, the inspection will not be repeated to ensure that the emission standards are met. At the same time, it should also be clearly punishable for the behavior of renting and renting purifiers.
How to use the vehicle to exceed the standard discharge penalty is more effective?
The environmental law enforcement personnel shall hand over the vehicle over-standard information to the traffic police, and the traffic police shall be responsible for punishment; the information system of the public security traffic control department shall notify the owner of the vehicle to accept the punishment from the environmental protection department; the traffic police shall cooperate with the interception of the over-standard vehicles, and the environmental law enforcement personnel shall impose penalties to increase the on-site penalty amount in many European countries. Through the legislation, the traffic police are responsible for the punishment of the vehicle environmental problems. For example, in London, the information of vehicles with excessive emissions is handed over to the traffic police department, and the traffic police department imposes penalties on the owners.
At present, if the driving vehicles in China's cities exceed the standard, the environmental protection department has the right to punish, but the environmental law enforcement personnel have no right to intercept the vehicles. The traffic police can intercept the vehicles, but the supervision is not the responsibility of the public security traffic control department. What should we do?
A more reasonable approach is that the environmental law enforcement personnel will hand over the vehicle-related excess information to the traffic police to enter the law enforcement system of the public security traffic control department, and the traffic police will be responsible for punishment, and the traffic police in different places may also be punished. Or use the information system of the public security traffic control department to inform the owner of the vehicle and go to the environmental protection department to accept the punishment.
Another method is that the police traffic control department dispatches police forces to cooperate with environmental protection department law enforcement personnel to intercept excessive vehicles, and is punished by environmental law enforcement personnel, but it is necessary to increase the current on-site punishment.
At present, many local environmental protection departments coordinate the public security traffic control department to cooperate with the road to intercept excessive vehicles in order to control motor vehicle emissions. However, according to the "Administrative Punishment Law" and other relevant laws and regulations, the maximum amount of fines imposed on vehicles and individuals is 50 yuan. As far as the current situation is concerned, the 50-yuan penalty has little effect on the shock of individuals and units, and it is difficult to prevent the excessive discharge of motor vehicles.
At present, a fine of more than 50 yuan cannot be imposed on the spot in accordance with the Administrative Punishment Law, and the general administrative penalty procedure must be applied. In the implementation of the general procedure, it is necessary to produce 8 kinds of documents such as on-site inspection transcripts and post-question transcripts. The law enforcement personnel must travel to and from the vehicle for 4 times, and the owner must also accept two investigations and three notifications.
In practice, after completing the on-site inspection transcript, a considerable part of the city's owners and foreign car owners could not continue to complete the remaining punishment procedures because they could not continue to complete the punishment procedures, resulting in illegal punishment not being punished. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the amount of fines on the spot.
There is another situation that needs to be taken into account in penalizing the excessive discharge of vehicles. At present, if taxi companies, bus companies, car rental companies, and automobile transportation companies discharge excessively, they will only punish bicycles. Under normal circumstances, they will be burdened by drivers, and they will not be penalized for their company. But in fact, the company also has management responsibility.
In order to supervise the implementation of the supervisory responsibility of the company providing transportation services, it should be stipulated that the company will have more than 3 vehicles exceeding the standard within a certain period of time, and will punish the company to which the vehicle belongs.

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