Fertilizer applied near the seed or mixed with it during sowing is known as seed fertilizer. Proper application can supply essential nutrients to crops quickly, which helps improve growth and reduces the need for later topdressing. However, improper use can damage seeds and lead to poor germination. To ensure safe and effective fertilization, follow these key guidelines:
Avoid using corrosive fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, as they are volatile and can harm both seeds and young plants. Similarly, superphosphate contains free sulfuric and phosphoric acids, which may interfere with seed germination. It’s best to avoid using it directly with seeds. Instead, apply it in a separate layer of soil or mix it with organic matter before planting.
Do not use toxic fertilizers like urea, which may contain biuret. When biuret levels exceed 2%, it can be harmful to seeds and seedlings. Urea also has high nitrogen content that can penetrate seed proteins, causing damage and reducing germination rates.
Fertilizers containing harmful ions, such as chloride from potassium chloride or ammonium chloride, should be avoided. These can form water-soluble salts in the soil, which may inhibit seed germination. Likewise, nitrates found in fertilizers like ammonium nitrate can also negatively affect seedling development.
Strongly alkaline fertilizers, such as wood ash or steel slag phosphate, are not suitable for direct seed application. Wood ash, for example, contains calcium and is highly hygroscopic. When wet, it can turn into lime and release heat, potentially scorching seeds and roots. If needed, mix it with organic compost and place it in the furrow before covering with soil to prevent damage.
Lastly, avoid using uncomposted farmyard manure, such as fresh animal dung or urine. These materials can generate excessive heat during decomposition, burning the roots and releasing ammonia that harms young plants. Always fully compost organic fertilizers through proper fermentation before using them as seed fertilizer.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your seed fertilization process supports healthy plant growth while avoiding potential risks.
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