Excessive fertilization can cause physiological diseases in vegetables

**Overfertilization Can Lead to Physiological Diseases in Vegetables** *Date: July 31, 2006 | Total Views: 6 | Author: Xinjishu | Source: Xinjiang Agricultural Information* Vegetables are among the most economically valuable crops, and farmers often apply excessive amounts of both organic and chemical fertilizers in an effort to boost yields. However, this overuse can lead to nutrient imbalances in the soil, which in turn cause physiological disorders in vegetables—especially in greenhouse settings where conditions are more controlled. These issues not only affect plant health but also reduce productivity and quality. Understanding these symptoms can help farmers adopt more scientific and sustainable fertilization practices. --- **1. Cucumbers** - **Yellowing between the veins**: This is often caused by an overapplication of phosphate fertilizer, leading to zinc deficiency. - **Leaf discoloration with white or yellow patches**: Excessive potassium can result in magnesium deficiency. - **White veins with green leaf edges**: This symptom is typically due to excess phosphate, causing a magnesium deficiency. - **Brown edges along the veins**: This occurs when too much phosphate is applied, resulting in potassium deficiency. --- **2. Tomatoes** - **Stem cracking and hollow stems**: Too much nitrogen can lead to deficiencies in calcium and boron. - **Fruit drop with blackening and rot**: High temperatures, dryness, or excessive nitrogen/potassium can interfere with calcium absorption. - **Green areas around the fruit's base**: Excess nitrogen combined with dry weather can lead to potassium deficiency. - **Poor fruit coloration with dark brown spots**: This is usually due to multiple nutrient imbalances and poor drainage. --- **3. Eggplants** - **Corky, cracked sepals**: Excessive nitrogen can hinder calcium uptake. - **Sunken and hardened fruit tips**: Too much nitrogen can disrupt water absorption. - **Brown spots on lower leaves or side branches**: This is often caused by excess manganese due to poor drainage. --- **4. Peppers** - **Black and soft tips of the fruit**: This can happen when there is too much calcium or potassium, especially under high temperature and dry conditions, leading to calcium deficiency. --- **5. Cabbage (Head Vegetable)** - **Brown and rotten inner leaves**: Excess nitrogen can cause calcium deficiency. - **Brown and rotting leaf margins**: Again, this is often linked to excessive nitrogen and calcium deficiency. --- **6. Chinese Cabbage** - **Brown and rotted leaf parts**: Caused by excess nitrogen. - **Brown and rotting leaf margins during head formation**: Due to nitrogen overload and dry conditions. - **Black small spots on leaf veins**: This is often due to insufficient sunlight and excessive nitrogen, leading to nitrate toxicity. - **Squamous appearance on main veins and petioles**: Caused by excess calcium and high soil pH, leading to boron deficiency. --- **7. Artemisia annua (Mugwort)** - **Brown and necrotic growing points**: This happens when there is too much phosphate and dry conditions, leading to calcium deficiency. --- **8. Celery** - **Brown and decayed heart**: This is commonly caused by excessive nitrogen or potassium, which leads to calcium deficiency. --- **9. Spinach** - **Dark green leaves turning brown**: This is often due to excess phosphorus. - **Yellowing between veins**: High soil pH can lead to manganese deficiency, especially after heavy rains. - **Yellowing of new leaf edges**: This is caused by excess manganese, leading to iron deficiency. --- **10. Radish** - **Dark purple leaf margins turning brown between veins**: This is often due to high phosphorus levels, causing other nutrient imbalances. - **Dark brown center of the root turning pale yellow**: High soil pH and excess calcium can lead to boron deficiency. --- **11. Watermelon** - **Small dark spots on leaves near fruit-setting areas**: Excessive potassium application can lead to magnesium deficiency. - **Long vines with thickened upper parts**: This is typically caused by an overabundance of nitrogen, making it harder for the plant to bear fruit. --- By recognizing these symptoms, farmers can adjust their fertilization strategies to avoid overuse and maintain healthy, productive crops. Proper soil testing, balanced nutrient application, and good irrigation practices are essential for long-term success in vegetable farming.

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