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With the continuous development of the rural economy, the production volume of China's agricultural diesel tricycles has been increasing, with an annual production capacity of more than 3 million vehicles, which has brought extremely favorable conditions for invigorating the rural economy. The current power generation of agricultural diesel tricycles The machine is mainly a permanent magnet alternator. There is still a phenomenon of “low speed light is not bright, high speed burning light bulbâ€. Therefore, when driving at night, poor road surface, meeting and steering, the diesel engine has low speed, dark lighting, and is prone to traffic accidents. And it is not possible to directly supply DC power to the wiper heaters of the tricycle cockpit. The generator for agricultural four-wheeled vehicles is mainly a silicon rectifier generator. The generator has a carbon brush slip ring device. The slip ring has a large diameter, is easy to wear, and has a short life. The outer cover is a die-cast aluminum piece, and the cost is high. The voltage output is stable, the cost is low, and the performance is reliable. It is necessary to use both the agricultural tricycle and the centrifugal permanent magnet DC generator for the four-wheeler. In this study, the electromechanical integration product developed by high-magnetic Y30BH ferrite permanent magnet material and series electronic regulator with energy-saving voltage regulation has solved the low-speed lighting and power consumption of small agricultural vehicles. Problem 1 Determination of main parameters 1.1 Output power speed and voltage regulation range The small amount of electricity used by small agricultural vehicles for night illumination, steering indicator electric horns, wipers, heaters, etc. is about 180W, so the generator output power is selected. The diesel engine used for the 200W small-scale agricultural vehicle in China is generally 5.1000r/min, the maximum speed is 2200r/min, and the ratio of the diameter of the generator pulley to the diameter of the diesel pulley is 1:2, so the speed range is 2000-4400r/min according to The quality classification of permanent magnet alternator for tractors and internal combustion engines" JB / T51084-1999 national machinery industry standard requirements, the generator speed is in the range of 2000~4400r/min, and its output voltage is between 9.0~15.5V. The permanent magnet alternator used, when the diesel engine is idling, its output voltage is between 5.6.0V, which cannot meet the low-speed lighting requirements of small agricultural vehicles.
Centrifugal permanent magnet DC generator for agricultural vehicles adopts 10-pole non-polar boots star-rotor single-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator. The main technical indicators are: rated voltage 14V, rated power 200W, rated speed 4000r/min in order to solve the problem of small agricultural vehicles. For low-speed lighting problems, when the generator speed is at /min, the no-load voltage requirement is 12V. The magnetic material is Y30BH ferrite permanent magnet material, and the residual magnetic induction intensity is Br=0.41T, and the coercive force is H=220~1.2.1. According to the principle of electromagnetics, the number of turns of the generator is calculated. The electromotive force of the generator is 1963-), male, professor, engaged in the research and development of automotive design and automotive electronics technology. Shandong University of Technology, Shandong Province, Shandong University of Technology, vehicle and engineering learning 1.11; f one frequency, f = household "/60; p one pole logarithm, the design is a 10-pole permanent magnet generator, household = 5; n speed, r / min; N - one armature winding turns; kw - one armature winding winding coefficient, take kw = 0.92; h through the stator winding effective magnetic flux, h 1.12, the design takes e = 1.05; h air gap Magnetic flux per pole; 65; Bw-a magnetic induction strong current at no load; f pole distance, cm, f = TId / (2 households), where D - a certain sub-core outer diameter; Lw - "air gap axial calculation length, cm 1.2.2 The size of the permanent magnet is determined by the short-circuit triangle method. The volume of the permanent magnet material can be calculated. When the power factor of the generator is 0, the apparent demagnetization effect of the permanent magnet is reduced. The permanent magnet volume can be reduced. Reduction, Pn=P'Ncosh, P, apparent power of the generator when cosh> 0, W; C-a magnetic potential coefficient, Cf=1 when the magnetic circuit is not saturated. Vertical axis armature reaction conversion coefficient, rape = Hw short circuit magnetic field strength, Hv = permanent magnet coercive force, kA / m; k one short circuit current multiple, this design k = 2 when the generator speed is further increased, the output voltage u rises, the triode T1 emitter and A The voltage of the point also rises. When the output voltage U is greater than the set regulation value U0, the voltage of the emitter and the point A of the transistor T1 is greater than the breakdown voltage U1 of the Zener diode, and the transistor T1 changes from the off state to the on state. After the transistor T1 is turned on, the voltage between the emitter and the collector is 0.2~0.3V, which is less than the threshold voltage of 0.7V between the emitter and the base of the transistor T2, and the transistor T2 is turned off by conduction. The control silicon SCR1SCR2 provides the trigger current, the thyristor instantaneously cuts off, the rectifier bridge is disconnected from the arms, forming an open circuit, the output voltage U drops rapidly, and the voltage of the emitter T1 and the A point of the transistor is also decreased. When the output voltage U is lower than the set value When the regulation value is U), the transistor T1 is turned off, T2 is turned on, the thyristor is turned on again, and the full-wave rectifier bridge is restored. When the output voltage U rises again and is greater than the set voltage regulation value U0, the voltage regulator tube is again broken down, the transistor T1 is turned on, the T2 is turned off again, and the transistor T2 is repeatedly turned on and off. The waveforms of the output voltage before and after voltage regulation by the phase shifting, clipping, and rectification to ensure the stable output voltage of the generator are as shown.
In short circuit current, A; In working current, A 2 electronic regulator working principle notebook6 series electronic regulator circuit diagram as shown.
By adjusting the resistance of the adjustable resistor R1, the potential of the point A can be changed, thereby setting the voltage regulator value U0 of the electronic regulator. When the generator is running at a low speed, the permanent magnet material with high remanence strength is mainly used to improve the structure design of the motor. , increase the pole logarithm, and increase the number of coil winding turns to ensure a higher output voltage when the generator starts to rotate, because the speed is low, the output voltage U is also low, less than the regulation value U), the emitter of the transistor T1 and the point A The voltage is less than the breakdown voltage U1 of the Zener diode DW1, and the transistor T1 is in an off state. The voltage between the emitter and the base of the transistor T2 is greater than 0. 7V, so the transistor T2 is turned on, the collector current passes through the resistor R7 diode D3D4 3 performance test results bookmark7 grade "JB é‚ 5108 anus 1999 national machinery industry standard requirements Under the conditions of load power of 150W200W and 220W respectively, the centrifugal permanent magnet DC generator for agricultural vehicles is tested from low speed to high speed. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Generator output voltage test results Prototype number n from It can be seen from the table that when the generator speed is 2 4400r/min, the load power is changed from 150W to 220W, and the output voltage is stable between 11.5~14.3V. This performance index meets the design requirements and is superior to the national machinery industry. In the standard 4 conclusion, when the load power is changed from 150W to 220W, the output voltage is between 11.5 and 14.3V, and the voltage regulation performance is good.
The electronic regulator solves the problem of low-speed illumination for small-scale agricultural vehicles and the problem of DC power required for power-consuming facilities. The pulley and the centrifugal rotor are integrated into one body, which is small in size and light in weight, by phase shifting and clipping of DC power with stable output voltage. The magnetic field is fully utilized, the cost is low, and the reliability of use is improved. Modern permanent magnet motor theory and design. Beijing: Chen Junfeng from the machinery industry. Permanent magnet motor. Mechanical Industry Press, 1981, Bu. Hu Mingyi. car. tractor. Motorcycle alternator structure principle and maintenance. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 1998 Li Zhongming, Liu Weiguo, Liu Jinglin. Rare earth permanent magnet motor. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1999. Xu Shizhang. Electrical Engineering (2). Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1981 Liu Zhenwen, Chen Youping. Automotive electrical and electronic technology. Beijing: The people handed over Zhang Xueyi, Du Qinjun, Tan Derong and so on. Tension wheel permanent magnet constant voltage generator for agricultural transport vehicles. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 2000, Liu Jinglin, Li Zhongming. Analysis and application of small rare earth permanent magnet synchronous generators. JB/T51084-1999. Tractor. The quality of permanent magnet alternator products for internal combustion engines is categorized.
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